Байкал, озеро в южной части Восточной Сибири, в Бурятской АССР и Иркутской области РСФСР. Площадь 31,5 тыс. км2. Длина 636 км, средняя ширина 48 км, наибольшая ‒ 79,4 км. Водосборный бассейн Б. занимает около 557 тыс. км2. Объём водной массы 23… … Большая советская энциклопедия
Байкал озеро (дополнение к статье) - В связи с постройкой Сибирской железной дороги было предпринято исследование Б. С этой целью в 1896 г. был командирован полковник Ф. К. Дриженко для предварительных изысканий, затем в 1897 г. под его начальством приступила к работам на Б. особая… … Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона
Байкал (озеро в Сибири) - … Википедия
Байкал - озеро на Ю. Вост. Сибири; Бурятия и Иркутская обл. Русские люди освоили побережье озера в 40 х гг. XVII в. От эвенков им стало известно название оз. Ламу море. От них же они узнали также бурят, название Байгал, заимствованное из якут. Байхал или … Географическая энциклопедия
Байкал - Озеро Байкал. Байкал, озеро на юге Восточной Сибири, в Бурятии и Иркутской области. Площадь 31,5 тыс. км2, длина 636 км, средняя ширина 48 км. Объём воды 23 тыс. км3 около 1/5 мировых запасов пресной воды (без ледников). Уровень Б.… … Словарь "География России"
Байкал - У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Байкал (значения). Байкал бур. Байгал далай Координаты: Координаты … Википедия
Байкал (значения) - Байкал: Байкал озеро на юге Восточной Сибири. Содержание 1 Топонимы 1.1 Болгария 1.2 Россия … Википедия
Озеро Байкал - Байкал Шаман скала на острове Ольхон Координаты: Координаты … Википедия
Байкал - озеро в Шимановском районе, в пойме р. Амур. Название от крупнейшего глубоководного озера мира Байкал. Название производят от якут. бай богатый, кель (кёль) озеро, т. е. богатое озеро. Это объяснение подкупает своей близостью к… … Топонимический словарь Амурской области
Книги
- Байкал Край солнца и легенд , Супруненко Ю. Категория: Общие работы по истории России Купить за 347 руб
- Байкал край солнца и легенд. Исторический путеводитель , Супруненко Ю.П. , Байкал - один из самых прославленных символов России! А также обширный регион, включающий Прибайкалье с Иркутской областью и Забайкалье с Республикой Бурятией. Озеро Байкал поражает… Категория: Россия Серия: Исторический путеводитель Издатель:
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Unique Baikal By Shipovskoy Roman The Center of Children"s Creation "Sviblovo", Moscow.
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About Baikal Lake Lake Baikal is the world"s oldest and deepest lake. The amazing purity of its waters, huge territory and deep make it the most famous and exiting lake in the world. It lies in southern Siberia, almost in the center of Asia. Its watershed extends over the Mongolian border for 636 km. Its area is about 31,500 square kilometers and equal to the area of such countries as Belgium, Switzerland, Netherlands or Denmark. The coastline of Baikal is almost 2000 km long, which is equal to the distance from Arkhangelsk to Rostov. Lake Baikal contains one-fifth of the world"s surface water resources, and four-fifth of fresh waters of Russia. Its basin could hold waters of all five American Great Lakes, which are 8 times bigger.
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The Baikal is surrounded by mountain chains which are covered with taiga lifting turned to bushes and mountain tundra. The southern hills are generally unforested.
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There is a lot of sun on Lake Baikal. The number of sunny days at its costs exceeds the most of resorts on the Black Sea and some on the Mediterranean, for example Nice. In summer the temperature of the water doesn`t outreach the 15 degrees. Below 250 meters the temperature is stable and is about 3.5 degrees for the whole year. In January the Lake is fettered by the thick ice. But because of unusual purity you can look through the ice for more than 12 meters deep.The lake is indeed old: clay samples taken in 1990 show that Lake Baikal is at least 30 million years old, that makes it the world"s oldest known lake. The second old Lake Tanganyika in Africa is at least 500 thousand years younger. In earlier days the territory of the Baikal was a number of shallow lakes inhabited by heat-loving animals and plants. The coasts were covered by subtropical vegetation. The modern shape was formed about 1 million years ago. The process of basin formation is still going on, and sometimes there are earthquakes there.
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Flora and Fauna The Baikal is also one of the most interesting biotopes in the world. As it is quite an isolated lake, the nature there could develop balanced and varied. The animal world of the lake forms a remarkably complementary and harmonies system. The flora and fauna of the lake are mostly endemic. It is inhabited by over 58 fish species. The most well-known species are: the omul, Siberian whitefish, the grayling, the taimen, the sturgeon, the Baikal oil fish, and goldilocks. More than 2000 plants grow on the lake coasts. Lake Baikal forms an ideal habitat for typical sea mammal –the nerpa (the Baikal seal). Still not all organisms inhabited Baikal are explored. Scientists continue to discover more and more unknown species.
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Baikal’s Exploration Preservation of the lake, however, has recently come to international attention.The Baikal’s scientific exploration history is over 300 years, while the harmful impact on its ecosystem numbers merely 50 years.Industrial and civil buildings have grown and spread, the population has enlarged and new towns and settlements have arisen, new lands have been ploughed up and more chemicals have been used in agriculture.
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Plants and mills Nowadays there are more than 60 plants and mills along the Baikal’s cost. The biggest are Baikalsk’s and Selenginsk`s forest transshipment bases and Paper-and-Pulp Mills at Baikalsk and Selenginsk.The results of the pollution are terrifying. More than 50 per cent of the world"s purest water has been ruined. The whole ecological system of the lake has changed greatly. The mills has polluted the surrounding region and threatened the pristine conditions that have existed for centuries.
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Каргина Дарья. ИГЛУ, Иркутск, Россия
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом. Номинация Наш мир.
Lake Baikal
Hello! My name is Dasha. I am 18 years old. I live in Irkutsk near Lake Baikal. I am really happy because Baikal, this great lake is near me.
I want to tell you about this surprising lake. With its depth of 1620 meters Baikal is the deepest of all lakes and of many seas in the world. This is why a native Siberian will not like it if you call Lake Baikal a lake. "The glorious sea" - this is how it is called there. Lake Baikal accounts for nearly 19 percent of all world`s fresh water, contained in all the lakes of the world.
The first wonder of Lake Baikal is its pure and crystal clear water and everyone who was here tells you that they have drunk nothing of the kind before. That is why it is called - "The blue heart of Russia".
You probably heard a tale about an old man Baikal and his beautiful daughter Angara who fell in love with the giant Enisei against the will of her father and ran away to him. Angry Baikal, the tale says, threw a rock which is still there and people call it the Shaman stone.
Angara is the only river which flows out from Lake Baikal but nearly five hundred rivers flow into the lake.
The second wonder of Baikal is its age. Lake Baikal has been living for twenty five million years. There was a time when palm trees grew on its shores.
Baikal has many beautiful places where you can have a rest. My favorite places on Baikal are Island Olhon and thepeninsula of Sacred Nose.
Island Olhon will open you a magnificent landscape of the nature of the lake, and those who love fishing can catch a lot of legendary Baikal Omul.
The peninsula of Sacred Nose is a very popular place on Lake Baikal. Hereyou can find hot wells and unforgettably beautiful landscapes. Near to peninsula of Sacred Nose is the Islands Ushkani where the biggest rookery of seals is situated.
Another wonder of Lake Baikal is Golomyanka. This is the most unique fish in the world. It is so transparent that you can read a newspaper through it. This mysterious fish lives only in Baikal.
If you want to see all wonders of Lake Baikal by your own eyes and you love really exciting rest come to us and you will not regret.
Привет! Меня зовут Даша. Мне 18 лет. Я живу в Иркутске рядом с озером Байкал. Я действительно счастлива, потому что Байкал, это великолепное озеро, находится рядом со мной.
Я хочу рассказать вам об этом удивительном озере. С глубиной 1620 метров Байкал самый глубокий из всех озёр и из многих морей в мире. Вот почему коренным сибирякам не понравится, если вы назовёте озеро Байкал озером. "Великолепное озеро" вот как здесь называют его. Озеро Байкал составляет примерно 19 процентов всех мировых запасов пресной воды, содержащихся во всех озёрах мира.
Первое чудо Байкала - это его чистая и совершенно прозрачная вода, и каждый, кто был здесь, скажет вам, что они не пили ничего подобного прежде. Вот почему озеро Байкал называют "Синее сердце России".
Вы, наверное, слышали рассказ о старике Байкале и о его прекрасной дочери Ангаре, которая влюбилась в гиганта Енисея, против воли своего отца, и убежала к нему. Сердитый Байкал, как говорит рассказ, кинул камень, который находится всё ещё там и люди называют его Шаман камень.
Ангара единственная река, которая вытекает из Байкала, но около 500 рек втекают в озеро.
Второе чудо Байкала - это его возраст. Озеро Байкал живёт уже 25 млн. лет. Здесь было время, когда пальмы росли на его берегах.
УБайкала есть много прекрасных мест, где вы можете отдохнуть. Мои любимые места на Байкале - это остров Ольхон и полуостров Святой Нос.
Остров Ольхон откроет вам великолепные пейзажи на природу озера, и те, кто любит рыбалку может поймать много легендарного байкальского Омуля.
Полуостров Святой Нос очень популярное место на Байкале. Здесь вы сможете найти горячие источники и незабываемо красивые пейзажи. Рядом с островом Святой Нос есть Ушканьи острова, где расположено самое большое лежбище нерп.
Другое чудо озера Байкал - это Голомянка. Это самая уникальная рыба в мире. Она настолько прозрачная, что вы сможете прочитать газету через неё. Эта великолепная рыба живет в Байкале.
Если вы хотите увидеть все чудеса Байкала своими собственными глазами, и вы любите действительно захватывающий отдых, приезжайте к нам.
Презентацию можно использовать при изучении тем: Экология, Окружающая среда, Россия и тп. Озеро Байкал это жемчужина России, представленную презентацию можно легко вписать в любую часть урока и в зависимости от творчества учителя и уровня учащихся на ее основе разработать комплекс грамматических и лексических упражнений
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Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal is the world’s oldest and deepest lake in the world. It contains 20 % of all fresh running water on the planet, making it the single largest reservoir.
Lake Baikal is 30 million years old. Its average depth is 744.4metres. It is the second most voluminous lake after the Caspian Sea.
Located in the south of the Russian region of Siberia, between Irkutsk region to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast.
Lake Baikal was formed as an ancient rift valley, having the typical long crescent shape with a surface area of 31722 sq km
Baikal is home to more than 1700 species of plants and animals, two third of which can be found nowhere else in the world and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
Lake Baikal was known as the “North Sea” in historical Chinese text. It was situated in the then Xiongnu territory. Very little was known to Europeans about the lake until the Russian expansion into the area in the 17 th century. The first Russian explorer to reach Lake Baikal was Kurbat Ivanov in 1643
Baikal is one of the most biodiesel lakes on Earth, with 1340 species of animal and 570 species of plant.
The landscape surrounding the lake, with its mountains, forests, tundra, lakes, islands and steppes is exceptionally picturesque.
The lake is completely surrounded by mountains. The Baikal Mountains on the north shore and the taiga are protected as a national park. It contains 27 islands; the largest, Olkhon , is 72 km long and the third-largest lake-bound island in the world.
The lake is fed by as many as three hundred and thirty inflowing rivers. The main ones are the Selenga River, the Barguzin River, The Upper River, the Turka River, The Sarma River and the Snezhnaya River . It is drained through a single river, the Angara River. It is named the daughter of Baikal. Do you know the legend about Angara?
Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal is located in Russia, the southern part of Eastern Siberia.
It is the deepest lake in the world.
The largest natural reservoir of fresh water.
Baikal is located on the border of the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia.
The lake stretches from north to south-west by 636 km. Width of the lake ranges from 25 to 80 km.
Into Baikal 336 permanent rivers and streams.
The greatest volume of water entering the lake from the Selenga River. A consequence of Baikal only river Angara.
Baikal area 31470kv.km. The maximum depth is 1637m
To represent the vast water body of Lake Baikal, we note that the Angara need 387 years of continuous operation to drain its water bowl, provided that during this time into the lake or get any liters of water.
The volume of water in Lake Baikal 23,000 cubic meters. km
This represents 20% of the world and 90% of Russian reserves of fresh water. Water in the lake is more than in all 5 Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario).
From January to April, the lake is usually covered with ice.
Baikal water is unusually transparent, pure and saturated with oxygen. Spring water clarity is 40m.
The lake has 52 species of fish, of which 27 are endemic. Most popular: Siberian sturgeon, cisco, whitefish, perch, dace, catfish, carp, burbot, golomyanka.
Golomyanka
Golomyanka-transparent fish without scales and swim bladder,
35% consists of fat
Found only in Lake Baikal and belongs to a class of viviparous.
Golomyanka capable of producing up to 2,000 small fish.
The name of the fish comes from the word «golomen», which means «high seas» .Golomyanka «flies» through the pectoral fins with a wide-open mouth.
Baikal cisco
Latin name Baikal cisco translated as «wandering» sig.Nazvanie sluchayno.Uchnye not believe that cisco penetrated into Baikal in the interglacial period of the seas of the Arctic Ocean.
Baikal cisco is endemic, ie. not found anywhere except Lake Baikal.
Baikal cisco divided into several populations. Most popular-Selenga and Barguzin.
Baikal Seal
One of the three freshwater seal species in the world. Endemic to Lake Baikal. The average length of an adult seal -165 cm. Weight: 50 to 130 kg. Speed in a tranquil setting of 7-8 km / h. The maximum speed of 20-25 km / h (develops when away from danger). On a solid surface moves slowly, turning fins and tail.
Cubs are born in mid-March. Usually a baby seal born weighing up to 4kg. Skin cub silver. About 4-6 weeks the baby spends inside the lair, eating his mother’s milk.
Scientists believe that the seal has penetrated into Baikal from the Arctic Ocean to the Yenisei and Angara in the Ice Age.
Nerpa winters on ice lairs under the snow. She can breathe through the vents, the air holes. Seal makes them raking claws ice forelimbs.
From coastal animals are most common: bear, deer, elk, moose.
Roe deer, musk deer, hare, wolf, fox
On Baikal live many birds: loon, Dalmatian pelican, cormorant, egret,
Black stork, partridge, grouse, eagle